打开cmd，进入vs安装目录C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319

cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319

如果是Web.config就直接加密，是App.config就先改为Web.config才可以进行加密

aspnet_regiis -pef "节点" "项目路径"

例如：

需要加密的App.config数据库连接字符串为

  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=testDB;User ID=sa;Password=123456" />
  </connectionStrings>

加密命令为

aspnet_regiis -pef "connectionStrings" "Web.config所在目录"

如加密失败

解决方案：

创建一个可导出的rsa密钥容器，命名为Key

aspnet_regiis -pc "Key" -exp 

将Web.cofig/App.config的configuration增加属性值xmlns，即改为

<configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0"> 

将数据库连接字符串改为以下：

  <configProtectedData>
        <providers>
            <clear />
            <add name="KeyProvider" type="System.Configuration.RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider, System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL" keyContainerName="Key" useMachineContainer="true"/>
        </providers>
</configProtectedData>
<connectionStrings>
        <add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=testDB;User ID=sa;Password=123456;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

开始对配置文件进行加密

aspnet_regiis -pef "connectionStrings" "Web.config所在目录" -prov "KeyProvider"

注意：vs会提示是否修改，选择全是

解密配置文件

aspnet_regiis -pdf "connectionStrings" "Web.config所在目录" 

如果是App.config改成的Web.config，加密成功之后再改为App.config，并删除configuration的属性xmlns值

未加密的Web.config/App.config文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
    </startup>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=testDB;User ID=sa;Password=123456" />
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

修改为加密后的Web.config/App.config文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0">
  <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
    </startup>
  <configProtectedData>
        <providers>
            <clear />
            <add name="KeyProvider" type="System.Configuration.RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider, System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL" keyContainerName="Key" useMachineContainer="true"/>
        </providers>
</configProtectedData>
<connectionStrings>
        <add name="connStr" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=testDB;User ID=sa;Password=123456;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>

加密后的Web.config/App.config文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0">
  <startup>
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
    </startup>
  <configProtectedData>
        <providers>
            <clear />
            <add name="KeyProvider" type="System.Configuration.RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider, System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL" keyContainerName="Key" useMachineContainer="true"/>
        </providers>
</configProtectedData>
<connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="KeyProvider">
  <EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element"
    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
    <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" />
    <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
      <EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
        <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" />
        <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
          <KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName>
        </KeyInfo>
        <CipherData>
          <CipherValue>lSLu2RVnlfr5om5MpBuqyhBETF6dI/glZ3zlfOQvzj+l1YmsOcfGVC1LgrDFcPLEbF/r1IZZYVnQuesz3AeVUkpNCG2OfMWDeaPULtJ5Ay24SYnBR4FNtQQSf1pijelXRGE8pzH7s49RLsKWQuwVTyMrOUoIMcmD4xIPmN/cqpQ=</CipherValue>
        </CipherData>
      </EncryptedKey>
    </KeyInfo>
    <CipherData>
      <CipherValue>deXEhu/mqe+WkD51qXhi9jwBhEurU6EQXBQINOGOyDgpw/W4xTpi3DtTDcEzJXbaHvyKaXLfkPxxljce07ANtN7VXRfDov0Olsq/3+hkYqVXRI5A80XVkOKh2CQaVWx/GJC7JBbbRlKXJvS93M+OQWGKpW0twcZlL1ns97g5w8QstGN6vszAiZw1z6gKXlsrMf9224ExGq+dGJS9BSU+mxaKkd9EAVELMtWv2r7jIXsEneggDR49Mtdu91j1dsDj6am3NcaHmRQ=</CipherValue>
    </CipherData>
  </EncryptedData>
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>

导出密钥容器

spnet_regiis -px "Key" "d:\Key.xml" 

注意：加上-pri参数为导出公钥+私钥

导入密钥容器

aspnet_regiis -pi "Key" "d:\Key.xml" 

删除密钥容器

aspnet_regiis -pz "Key" 

注意：删除密钥程序会报错

原文链接：https://www.idaobin.com/archives/1201.html

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