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浮动静态路由:通过配置一个比主路由的管理距离(AD值–administrative distance)更大的静态路由,保证网络中主路由失效的情况下,提供备份路由。
实验拓扑图:
路由器0配置:
Router>enable Router#configure terminal Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#int s0/1/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#int loopback 0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 100 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Router(config)#exit Router#write
路由器1配置:
Router>enable Router#configure terminal Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#int s0/1/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#int loopback 0 Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 100 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#exit Router#write
查看路由器0的路由表:
Router(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
查看路由器1的路由表:
Router(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
浮动静态路由配置完成,开始测验:
关闭路由器0的f0/0端口(模拟以太链路出现故障),再去查看路由表。
Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#shutdown Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 S 192.168.4.0/24 [100/0] via 192.168.2.2
注意:重复关闭或打开f0/0端口,反复查看区别。
最后:当以太链路正常时,路由器在选路的时候优先选择以太链路;当以太链路出现故障,路由器会自动选用串行链路;以太链路恢复正常后,路由器又会选择以太链路。
注解:
enable 进入特权模式
configure terminal 进入全局配置模式
int 接口名 进入某接口
ip add + IP地址 子网掩码 设置接口的IP地址及掩码
no ip add + IP地址 子网掩码 删除接口的IP地址及掩码
clock rate 56000 配置时钟速率(数据包发送频率),DCE串口必须配置这个,否则会导致路由之间ping不通
no shutdown 打开接口
shutdown 关闭接口
exit 返回上层界面
ip route +非直连网段+子网掩码+下一跳地址 AD值 配置静态/默认路由
no ip route +非直连网段+子网掩码+下一跳地址 删除静态/默认路由
show ip route 特权模式下查看路由表
do show ip route do是把执行命令的环境转到特权模式下
int loopback 0 loopback为虚拟接口
write 保存配置
默认AD值:(0-255,值越低优先级越高)
路由协议 管理距离
直连接口 0
静态路由 1
外部BGP 20
内部EIGRP 90
IGRP 100
OSPF 110
RIP 120
外部EIGRP 170
内部BGP 200
原文链接:https://www.idaobin.com/archives/1706.html
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